Scientists through history

The atlas holds 62 people and 1,917 moments here, from 563 BC to 2023. The most recorded lives are Albert Einstein, Karl Marx and Leonardo da Vinci. Across the Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment.

Notable people

  1. Albert Einstein

    from 1879 to 1955

    85 moments here

    German-born theoretical physicist who transformed modern physics through special and general relativity, foundational work on quantum theory, and…

  2. Karl Marx

    from 1818 to 1883

    53 moments here

    German philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. Born in Trier, Marx studied in Bonn and Berlin, worked in Cologne, and…

  3. Leonardo da Vinci

    from 1452 to 1519

    27 moments here

    Italian Renaissance painter, draftsman, engineer, architect, anatomist, and natural philosopher.…

  4. Charles Darwin

    from 1809 to 1882

    110 moments here

    English naturalist, geologist, and biologist whose observations during the global voyage of HMS Beagle and subsequent research led to his theory of…

  5. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

    from 1749 to 1832

    78 moments here

    German poet, dramatist, novelist, scientist, theatre director, and statesman. Born in Frankfurt, Goethe studied in Leipzig and Strasbourg, practiced…

  6. Joseph Stalin

    from 1878 to 1953

    16 moments here

    Soviet revolutionary and political leader, born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili in Gori, Georgia.…

  7. George Washington

    from 1732 to 1799

    45 moments here

    George Washington was a Virginia surveyor, planter, military commander, revolutionary leader, constitutional statesman, and the first president of…

  8. The Buddha

    from 563 BC to 483 BC

    18 moments here

    Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, was a wandering ascetic and teacher who founded Buddhism in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain.…

  9. Dante Alighieri

    from 1265 to 1321

    26 moments here

    Florentine poet, prose writer, philosopher, and statesman whose Divine Comedy became a foundational work of Italian and European literature.…

  10. Galileo Galilei

    from 1564 to 1642

    35 moments here

    Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, mathematician, and natural philosopher. Born in Pisa, Galileo was educated in Tuscany, taught mathematics at…

  11. Immanuel Kant

    from 1724 to 1804

    15 moments here

    German Enlightenment philosopher whose critical philosophy transformed epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, and political thought.…

  12. Thomas Edison

    from 1847 to 1931

    39 moments here

    American inventor and industrialist whose laboratories developed and commercialized technologies in telegraphy, recorded sound, electric lighting and…

  13. René Descartes

    from 1596 to 1650

    45 moments here

    French philosopher, mathematician, and natural philosopher whose methodic doubt, mind-body distinction, analytic techniques, and mechanical account…

  14. Charles Dickens

    from 1812 to 1870

    94 moments here

    English novelist, journalist, editor, social reformer, actor and celebrated public reader. This chronology traces documented residences, workplaces,…

  15. Marie Curie

    from 1867 to 1934

    37 moments here

    Polish-born, naturalized-French physicist and chemist who pioneered research on radioactivity. With Pierre Curie she discovered polonium and radium.…

  16. Archimedes

    from 287 BC to 212 BC

    5 moments here

    Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor associated above all with Syracuse in Sicily.…

  17. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

    from 1712 to 1778

    39 moments here

    Genevan philosopher, writer, composer, and a major figure of the European Enlightenment. Rousseau’s documented movements ranged across Geneva, Savoy,…

  18. Adam Smith

    from 1723 to 1790

    25 moments here

    Scottish moral philosopher and political economist of the Scottish Enlightenment, author of The Theory of Moral Sentiments and An Inquiry into the…

  19. Nikola Tesla

    from 1856 to 1943

    34 moments here

    Serbian-American engineer and inventor best known for foundational work on alternating-current power systems, the induction motor, high-frequency…

  20. Benjamin Franklin

    from 1706 to 1790

    28 moments here

    American printer, scientist, civic leader, colonial agent, revolutionary statesman, and diplomat.…

  21. Carl Linnaeus

    from 1707 to 1778

    29 moments here

    Swedish botanist, physician, and naturalist who formalized binomial nomenclature and devised an influential system for classifying organisms.…

  22. Nicolaus Copernicus

    from 1473 to 1543

    15 moments here

    Renaissance astronomer, canon, physician, administrator, and economist whose heliocentric model placed the Sun rather than Earth at the center of the…

  23. Louis Pasteur

    from 1822 to 1895

    24 moments here

    French chemist and microbiologist whose work on molecular asymmetry, fermentation, germ theory, pasteurization, and vaccines transformed modern…

  24. John Locke

    from 1632 to 1704

    28 moments here

    English philosopher, physician, and political writer. Locke was born in Somerset, educated in London and Oxford, served Lord Shaftesbury in London,…

Moments

  1. 563 BC Born at Lumbini The Buddha
  2. 269 BC Studies in Alexandria Archimedes
  3. 820 Works at the House of Wisdom Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi
  4. 999 Departure from Bukhara Avicenna
  5. 1068 Library visit in Bukhara Omar Khayyam
  6. 1283 Exchanged greetings with Beatrice in Florence Dante Alighieri
  7. 1325 Enters Tunis Ibn Battuta
  8. 1359 English campaign in France Geoffrey Chaucer
  9. 1365 Political office at Béjaïa Ibn Khaldun
  10. 1469 Moves to Florence Leonardo da Vinci
  11. 1491 Studies at the University of Kraków Nicolaus Copernicus
  12. 1564 Baptized at Pisa Cathedral Galileo Galilei
  13. 1573 Student at Trinity College Francis Bacon
  14. 1577 Family move to Leonberg Johannes Kepler
  15. 1607 Enters the College of La Flèche René Descartes
  16. 1631 Family relocation to Paris Blaise Pascal
  17. 1652 Christ Church residence and study John Locke
  18. 1687 Stay at Rheinfels Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
  19. 1700 Student at the College of Juilly Montesquieu
  20. 1707 Baptism at St. Martin's Church Leonhard Euler
  21. 1722 Boarding at Bossey Jean-Jacques Rousseau
  22. 1723 Move to Philadelphia Benjamin Franklin
  23. 1727 Studies at Lund University Carl Linnaeus
  24. 1730 Attends the Hospitalschule Immanuel Kant
  25. 1735 Lives at Little Hunting Creek George Washington
  26. 1737 Student at Glasgow Adam Smith
  27. 1758 Present at surrender of Louisbourg James Cook
  28. 1765 Takes lodgings as a Leipzig student Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
  29. 1784 Elementary schooling Carl Friedrich Gauss
  30. 1804 Bookbinder's apprenticeship Michael Faraday
  31. 1813 Family holiday at Abergele Charles Darwin
  32. 1815 Moves to Norfolk Street Charles Dickens
  33. 1835 Enrolls at Bonn University Karl Marx
  34. 1838 Commercial apprenticeship Friedrich Engels
  35. 1841 Pupil at Jacobs Apologistic School Alfred Nobel
  36. 1849 Journey to Moscow for university admission Dmitri Mendeleev
  37. 1854 Dean at Lille Louis Pasteur
  38. 1854 Childhood in Port Huron Thomas Edison
  39. 1861 Primary school attendance Nikola Tesla
  40. 1876 Entered Harvard University Theodore Roosevelt
  41. 1880 Family moves to Munich Albert Einstein
  42. 1887 Anne Sullivan arrives at Ivy Green Helen Keller
  43. 1889 Returns to Warsaw Marie Curie
  44. 1890 Student at Canterbury College Ernest Rutherford
  45. 1894 Enrolls at Tiflis Theological Seminary Joseph Stalin
  46. 1896 Childhood move to Sarehole J. R. R. Tolkien
  47. 1950 Arrival for Moscow State University Mikhail Gorbachev
  48. 1954 Student at Mfantsipim School Kofi Annan
  49. 1966 PhD and fellowship at Gonville and Caius Stephen Hawking
  50. 1975 Meeting President Ford Margaret Thatcher

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