Scientists of the Industrial Revolution
The atlas holds 17 people and 296 moments here, from 1762 to 1840. The most recorded lives are Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, George Washington and Carl Friedrich Gauss.
Notable people
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
from 1765 to 1832
77 moments here
German poet, dramatist, novelist, scientist, theatre director, and statesman. Born in Frankfurt, Goethe studied in Leipzig and Strasbourg, practiced…
George Washington
from 1775 to 1799
37 moments here
George Washington was a Virginia surveyor, planter, military commander, revolutionary leader, constitutional statesman, and the first president of…
Carl Friedrich Gauss
from 1777 to 1833
34 moments here
German mathematician, astronomer, geodesist, and physicist. Gauss was born in Brunswick, studied there and at Göttingen, worked privately in…
Charles Darwin
from 1809 to 1839
30 moments here
English naturalist, geologist, and biologist whose observations during the global voyage of HMS Beagle and subsequent research led to his theory of…
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
from 1762 to 1778
20 moments here
Genevan philosopher, writer, composer, and a major figure of the European Enlightenment. Rousseau’s documented movements ranged across Geneva, Savoy,…
Charles Dickens
from 1812 to 1840
19 moments here
English novelist, journalist, editor, social reformer, actor and celebrated public reader. This chronology traces documented residences, workplaces,…
Benjamin Franklin
from 1762 to 1790
19 moments here
American printer, scientist, civic leader, colonial agent, revolutionary statesman, and diplomat.…
Adam Smith
from 1764 to 1790
16 moments here
Scottish moral philosopher and political economist of the Scottish Enlightenment, author of The Theory of Moral Sentiments and An Inquiry into the…
Michael Faraday
from 1791 to 1831
13 moments here
English chemist and physicist whose experimental work transformed the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.…
Karl Marx
from 1818 to 1837
6 moments here
German philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. Born in Trier, Marx studied in Bonn and Berlin, worked in Cologne, and…
Immanuel Kant
from 1765 to 1804
6 moments here
German Enlightenment philosopher whose critical philosophy transformed epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, and political thought.…
Louis Pasteur
from 1822 to 1839
6 moments here
French chemist and microbiologist whose work on molecular asymmetry, fermentation, germ theory, pasteurization, and vaccines transformed modern…
James Cook
from 1762 to 1776
4 moments here
British naval officer, hydrographer and explorer whose surveys of Newfoundland and three Pacific voyages transformed European geographic knowledge of…
Friedrich Engels
from 1820 to 1838
3 moments here
German philosopher, political theorist, revolutionary socialist, businessman, and Karl Marx’s lifelong collaborator.…
Leonhard Euler
from 1766 to 1783
3 moments here
Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, engineer, and polymath. Euler’s documented life moved from Basel and nearby Riehen to Saint Petersburg,…
Carl Linnaeus
from 1766 to 1778
2 moments here
Swedish botanist, physician, and naturalist who formalized binomial nomenclature and devised an influential system for classifying organisms.…
Alfred Nobel
in 1833
1 moment here
Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, and industrialist Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833–1896) developed dynamite and other explosives, built businesses…
Moments
- 1762 Return to Philadelphia Benjamin Franklin
- 1762 Exile at Môtiers Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 1762 Returns to England and marries in London James Cook
- 1763 Surveys Saint-Pierre and Miquelon James Cook
- 1764 Departure from Glasgow for London Adam Smith
- 1764 Visit to Montpellier Adam Smith
- 1764 Second London mission Benjamin Franklin
- 1764 First arrival in Paris Adam Smith
- 1764 Residence in Toulouse Adam Smith
- 1764 Excursion to Bordeaux Adam Smith
- 1764 Excursion to Bagnères-de-Bigorre Adam Smith
- 1765 Serves in the castle library Immanuel Kant
- 1765 Retreat on Île de Saint-Pierre Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 1765 Departure for Strasbourg Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 1765 Takes lodgings as a Leipzig student Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- 1765 Departure from Geneva for Paris Adam Smith
- 1765 Paris stay with the Prince of Conti Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 1766 Return to Kirkcaldy to write Adam Smith
- 1766 Museum construction at Hammarby Carl Linnaeus
- 1766 Lives and lectures in Kanter's house Immanuel Kant
- 1766 Arrival in London Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 1766 Channel crossing to Dover Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 1766 Crossing via Calais Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 1766 Stay at Chiswick Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 1766 Second Paris residence and intellectual meetings Adam Smith
- 1766 Residence at Wootton Hall Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 1766 Observes eclipse off Newfoundland James Cook
- 1766 Return to Saint Petersburg Leonhard Euler
- 1766 Return to London from France Adam Smith
- 1767 Banquet at Amiens after reentry to France Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 1767 Departure from Dover for France Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 1767 Move to Trie-Château Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 1767 Visit to Paris Benjamin Franklin
- 1768 Passage through Lyon Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 1768 Marriage ceremony at Bourgoin Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 1768 Leaves Leipzig after illness Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- 1768 Convalesces in Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- 1769 Farmhouse near Grenoble Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 1770 Lyon residence and musical collaboration Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 1770 Resumes legal studies in Strasbourg Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- 1770 Final Paris residence on Rue Platrière Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 1770 Presides over inaugural disputation Immanuel Kant
- 1770 Visits Sessenheim and meets Friederike Brion Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- 1771 Parliamentary visit in Dublin Benjamin Franklin
- 1771 Stay in Edinburgh Benjamin Franklin
- 1771 Stay in Leeds Benjamin Franklin
- 1771 Stay in Lichfield Benjamin Franklin
- 1771 Stay in Manchester Benjamin Franklin
- 1771 Stay near Stirling Benjamin Franklin
- 1771 Home destroyed by fire Leonhard Euler