1. Pilgrimage and meetings in Mecca

    · Mecca, Hejaz, Saudi Arabia

    After arriving at Jeddah, Muhammad Ali proceeded to Mecca, performed pilgrimage rites, and met learned men there during his Arabian campaign. The cited nineteenth-century history places this visit after his 28 August 1813 landing at Jeddah but does not date his arrival in Mecca precisely.

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