13 moments

1. Birth in Ottoman Albania

   1769-03-04 · Albania

   Muhammad Ali was born in a village in Ottoman Albania. The precise village is not specified in the cited article. The source does not identify the birth village; coordinates are a representative point for Albania.

2. Landing with the Ottoman expedition

   1801-01-01 · Abu Qir, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt

   As second commander of the Kavala contingent, Muhammad Ali landed with the Ottoman expedition sent to reoccupy Egypt after the French withdrawal. The source specifies spring 1801 but not a calendar month or day.

3. Campaign against Mamluk beys

   1807-01-01 · Asyut, Egypt

   During the British expedition of 1807, Muhammad Ali was campaigning in Upper Egypt and had defeated Mamluk forces near Asyut before turning north. The encounter is placed in the 1807 British expedition context; the exact day is not supplied.

4. Mamluk massacre at the Citadel

   1811-03-01 · Cairo Citadel, Cairo, Egypt

   

   Muhammad Ali received Mamluk chiefs at the Cairo Citadel during the ceremony for his son Tusun; the gathering preceded the massacre that consolidated his rule.

5. Pilgrimage and meetings in Mecca

   1813-01-01 · Mecca, Hejaz, Saudi Arabia

   After arriving at Jeddah, Muhammad Ali proceeded to Mecca, performed pilgrimage rites, and met learned men there during his Arabian campaign. The cited nineteenth-century history places this visit after his 28 August 1813 landing at Jeddah but does not date his arrival in Mecca precisely.

6. Arrival to direct the Arabian war

   1813-09-01 · Jeddah, Hejaz, Saudi Arabia

   

   Muhammad Ali arrived at Jeddah with troops, cavalry, camels, equipment, and ammunition to direct the next phase of the Ottoman-Egyptian campaign in Arabia. The source supports September 1813 but not a day.

7. Return route through Qena

   1815-01-01 · Qena, Egypt

   Muhammad Ali passed through Qena while returning from Arabia to Cairo in 1815. The source gives the route and year context but no date of passage through Qena.

8. Return route through Qusayr

   1815-01-01 · Al Qusayr, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt

   Muhammad Ali returned from Arabia to Egypt by the Red Sea port of Qusayr after receiving reports that led him to leave the campaign. The source gives the route and year context but no date of passage through Qusayr.

9. Return to the capital from Arabia

   1815-06-18 · Cairo, Egypt

   Muhammad Ali completed his return from Arabia at Cairo on the day of the Battle of Waterloo. The Battle of Waterloo occurred on 18 June 1815; the source identifies the arrival relative to that battle.

10. Interview at his Alexandria palace

    1839-01-01 · Alexandria, Egypt

    

    Muhammad Ali was interviewed by Patrick Campbell at his palace in Alexandria during the period of renewed conflict with the Ottoman Empire. Coordinates represent central Alexandria; the cited caption does not identify the specific palace.

11. Visit and reconciliation in Istanbul

    1846-01-01 · Istanbul, Ottoman Empire

    

    Muhammad Ali visited Istanbul and reconciled with his former adversary Khosrev Pasha, whom he had spared in Cairo decades earlier. The source supports the year but not a more precise date or venue.

12. Foundation stone at the Nile Delta

    1847-01-01 · Nile Delta near Al Qanater Al Khayriyah, Egypt

    

    Muhammad Ali personally laid the foundation stone for a major bridge project at the beginning of the Nile Delta. The source does not name the exact bridge site; coordinates are a representative point at the head of the Nile Delta.

13. Death at Ras el-Tin Palace

    1849-08-02 · Ras el-Tin Palace, Alexandria, Egypt

    

    After severe illness and senility in his final years, Muhammad Ali died at Ras el-Tin Palace in Alexandria.