1. Waited across the Syr Darya at Otrar

    · Syr Darya opposite Otrar, Turkistan Region, Kazakhstan

    Waited across the Syr Darya at Otrar
    Wikimedia Commons · Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International · file

    At the opening of the Khwarazmian invasion, Genghis remained across the Syr Darya while his sons invested Otrar, hoping to draw Shah Muhammad into battle. The exact riverside camp is unknown; coordinates represent the Otrar archaeological area beside the Syr Darya system.

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