15 moments

1. Birth in Mongolia

   1217-01-01 · Mongolia

   

   Hulegu was born in Mongolia to Tolui and Sorghaghtani Beki. The birth year is approximate in the source; coordinates are a representative point for Mongolia because no birthplace is specified.

2. Arrival in Transoxiana

   1255-01-01 · Transoxiana, Central Asia

   

   Hulegu reached Transoxiana during the westward campaign ordered by Möngke Khan. Coordinates are a representative point for the historical region of Transoxiana.

3. Move to Azerbaijan

   1256-01-01 · Azerbaijan, Iran

   

   After the Nizari campaign, Hulegu moved into Azerbaijan, the future center of Ilkhanid rule in Iran. The source places this move after the early-1256 Ismaili operations but does not provide a more precise date. Coordinates represent the historical region.

4. Camp before Maymun-Diz

   1256-11-08 · Maymun-Diz, Alamut region, Iran

   

   Hulegu established a camp facing the Nizari fortress of Maymun-Diz during his offensive in the Alamut region. Maymun-Diz's precise archaeological identification is disputed; coordinates use the Mount Shatan identification reported by the linked place article.

5. Summer encampment on the Hamadan plain

   1257-01-01 · Hamadan Plain, Hamadan, Iran

   

   Hulegu spent the summer on or near the Hamadan plain while assembling forces for the Baghdad campaign. Coordinates represent Hamadan; the source specifies the plain on or near the city rather than a precise camp.

6. Stay on the Hulwan River

   1257-12-01 · Hulwan, near Sarpol-e Zahab, Iran

   Hulegu paused on the banks of the Hulwan River during the approach to Baghdad. The source supports a date range within December 1257; coordinates represent modern Sarpol-e Zahab, commonly identified with historical Hulwan.

7. Camp at Kirmanshahan

   1257-12-06 · Kermanshah, Iran

   During the march on Baghdad, Hulegu camped at Kirmanshahan. The source's Kirmanshahan corresponds to modern Kermanshah.

8. Residence in Azerbaijan after Baghdad

   1258-01-01 · Azerbaijan, Iran

   

   After leaving Baghdad, Hulegu traveled via Hamadan to Azerbaijan and remained there for approximately a year. The source does not date his arrival in Azerbaijan more precisely than after 8 March 1258. Coordinates represent the historical region.

9. Eastern siege camp at Baghdad

   1258-01-22 · Baghdad, Iraq

   

   Hulegu established his camp on Baghdad's eastern side as the Mongol forces encircled the city. Coordinates are a representative point on Baghdad's east bank; the precise camp location is not identified.

10. Visit to the caliphal palace

    1258-02-15 · Baghdad, Iraq

    

    Two days after Baghdad was looted, Hulegu entered the caliphal palace and confronted Caliph al-Musta'sim. The exact site of the medieval caliphal palace is not securely identified; coordinates represent historic Baghdad.

11. Northern Syrian campaign

    1259-01-01 · Northern Syria

    

    Hulegu personally launched the Mongol campaign into northern Syria late in the year. The source identifies northern Syria rather than a single camp or city; coordinates are a representative regional point.

12. Withdrawal from Syria to Azerbaijan

    1260-01-01 · Azerbaijan, Iran

    

    During spring 1260, Hulegu withdrew from Syria to Azerbaijan, leaving Ketbuqa in control of the remaining Mongol force in Syria. The source gives only the season; coordinates represent Azerbaijan broadly.

13. Departure with main force in the Berke war

    1262-08-01 · Iran

    

    Hulegu set out with his main force after Berke's vanguard entered Shirvan, beginning the first phase of the Berke-Hulegu war. The source establishes Hulegu's departure but not its exact starting point; coordinates are a representative point for Iran.

14. Arrival at Derbent

    1262-12-07 · Derbent, Dagestan, Russia

    Hulegu and his men reached Derbent while pursuing Berke and Nogai in the Caucasus conflict. The source gives the day as Friday, December 7 in the narrative of the 1262 campaign.

15. Death on the Zarrineh River

    1265-02-08 · Zarrineh River, Iran

    

    Hulegu died after a serious illness on the banks of the Zarrineh River. Coordinates are a representative lower-river point near its approach to Lake Urmia; the exact riverbank location is not specified.