1. Appeared before the Holy Office

    · Palace of the Holy Office, Rome, Italy

    Appeared before the Holy Office
    Wikimedia Commons · Public domain · file

    At Pope Urban VIII's order, Galileo underwent his final interrogation and maintained that he had not defended Copernicanism after the 1616 admonition. The coordinate represents the historic Holy Office complex near St. Peter's; the chronology names the institution rather than a particular room.

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