19 moments

1. Birth in Mecca

   0584-01-01 · Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia

   

   Umar was born in Mecca into the Banu Adi clan of Quraysh. The birth year is approximate in the source (c. 584); coordinates represent central Mecca.

2. Public prayer after conversion

   0616-01-01 · Kaaba, Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia

   

   After his conversion to Islam, Umar publicly prayed at the Kaaba in Mecca.

3. Migration and residence at Quba

   0622-01-01 · Quba, Medina, Hejaz, Arabia

   Umar emigrated from Mecca with family and allies and resided at Quba on Medina's outskirts. The source dates the migration to 622 but does not provide a more precise date.

4. Battle of Badr

   0624-01-01 · Badr, Medina Province, Saudi Arabia

   Umar participated in the first major military engagement between the Muslims and the Quraysh at Badr. The associated battle is dated 13 March 624 by the linked Battle of Badr article; Umar's biographical source supports year-level precision.

5. Battle of Uhud

   0625-01-01 · Mount Uhud, Medina, Hejaz, Arabia

   Umar fought at Uhud and was among those who rallied around Muhammad after the Muslim line was disrupted. The linked Battle of Uhud article locates the battle in a valley near Mount Uhud north of Medina.

6. Battle of the Trench

   0627-01-01 · Battle of the Trench site, Medina, Hejaz, Arabia

   Umar took part in the Battle of the Trench during the siege of Medina. Coordinates represent the documented battle area around Medina's historical perimeter.

7. Campaign at Khaybar

   0628-01-01 · Khaybar Oasis, Medina Province, Saudi Arabia

   Umar was sent against the fortress of al-Qamus during the Khaybar campaign but did not capture it. The Battle of Khaybar article dates the campaign to March 628; coordinates represent Khaybar Oasis rather than the unlocated former fortress of al-Qamus.

8. Treaty of al-Hudaybiya

   0628-03-01 · Al-Hudaybiya, near Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia

   Umar participated in the events surrounding the treaty and the pledge made under the tree. The Treaty of al-Hudaybiya article dates the agreement to March 628. Coordinates are a representative point for the historical al-Hudaybiya locality.

9. Expedition to Turbah

   0628-07-01 · Turbah, Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia

   Umar led a thirty-man expedition against a Hawazin branch at Turbah. Coordinates represent modern Turbah; the precise location of the reported Hawazin habitation is not established.

10. Battle of Hunayn

    0630-01-01 · Hunayn Valley, between Mecca and Taif, Saudi Arabia

    Umar was among the Muslims who held their ground after the opening ambush at Hunayn.

11. Guarding the camp before Mecca's conquest

    0630-01-01 · Mar al-Zahran, near Mecca, Saudi Arabia

    During Muhammad's advance on Mecca, Umar guarded the Muslim camp at Mar al-Zahran. The article places this episode in the campaign that advanced on Mecca in December 629 or January 630; the card uses year precision because the specific camp episode is not separately dated.

12. Farewell Pilgrimage

    0632-01-01 · Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia

    

    Umar accompanied Muhammad on the Farewell Pilgrimage to Mecca. Coordinates mark the Kaaba precinct in Mecca, a principal location of the pilgrimage.

13. Meeting at Saqifa after Muhammad's death

    0632-06-08 · Saqifa of Banu Sa'ida, Medina, Hejaz, Arabia

    Following Muhammad's death, Umar went to the Saqifa meeting in Medina with Abu Bakr and Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah. The exact historical site of the Saqifa is uncertain; coordinates are a representative point in central Medina.

14. Accession as caliph

    0634-01-01 · Medina, Hejaz, Arabia

    

    Umar succeeded Abu Bakr as the second Rashidun caliph and governed from Medina, the capital of the early caliphate. The source establishes Umar's rule beginning in August 634; Medina is used because it was the capital and repeatedly documented location of his administration, though this quoted sentence does not identify a specific accession ceremony site.

15. Acceptance of Jerusalem's surrender

    0637-01-01 · Temple Mount, Jerusalem, Palestine

    Umar traveled from Medina to Jerusalem to accept its surrender in person and visited major holy sites there. The source dates the conquest of Jerusalem to 637 CE.

16. Famine relief in Medina

    0638-01-01 · Medina, Hejaz, Arabia

    During the Arabian famine, Umar personally managed aid and hosted displaced people in Medina. The source places the famine in 638; the reported attendance figure is an estimate in the source.

17. Administrative visit to Syria

    0639-01-01 · Syria

    After the plague weakened, Umar visited Syria to reorganize its administration following the deaths of commanders and governors. The source does not identify a specific Syrian settlement; coordinates are a representative point for Syria.

18. Turned back at Elat during the plague

    0639-01-01 · Elat (Eilat), Gulf of Aqaba, Arabia

    While traveling to Syria during the plague, Umar met Abu Ubayda at Elat and was advised to return to Medina. The episode is associated with the 638–639 plague period; 639 is used because Abu Ubayda's death and the subsequent Syrian visit are dated to that year in the source.

19. Assassination and death

    0644-11-06 · Prophet's Mosque, Medina, Hejaz, Arabia

    

    Umar was fatally stabbed while leading congregational prayer in Medina's mosque and died in Medina. The source notes conflicting historical accounts over whether he died on the day of the stabbing or three days later; it explicitly gives 6 November 644 for his death.