113 moments

1. Born in Caracas

   1783-07-24 · Caracas, Venezuela

   Bolívar was born into a wealthy creole family in Caracas, then the capital of the Captaincy General of Venezuela. Settlement coordinates represent Caracas.

2. Departs Venezuela for Spain

   1799-01-19 · Port of La Guaira, La Guaira, Venezuela

   The fifteen-year-old Bolívar began his first European journey by boarding a Spanish warship at La Guaira. Coordinates represent the historic port area.

3. Arrives on Spain's northern coast

   1799-05-01 · Santoña, Cantabria, Spain

   Bolívar reached northern Spain at Santoña during his voyage to complete his education in Europe.

4. Joins his uncle in Madrid

   1799-05-01 · Madrid, Spain

   A little over a week after reaching Santoña, Bolívar arrived in Madrid and joined his uncle Esteban Palacios. The month follows the preceding May 1799 arrival at Santoña; the source does not give the day.

5. Lives with Uztáriz in Madrid

   1800-02-01 · Madrid, Spain

   Bolívar moved into the Madrid residence of Gerónimo Enrique de Uztáriz, who directed his education in literature, classics, and social studies. The source does not identify the residence's street address, so settlement coordinates are used.

6. Stays in Bilbao

   1801-01-01 · Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain

   Bolívar left Madrid for Bilbao and remained there even after the del Toro family returned to Madrid. A related caption dates his Bilbao stay from March 1801 to April 1802; only the year is used here.

7. Travels to Paris

   1802-01-01 · Paris, France

   While awaiting permission to return to Madrid, Bolívar made an early visit to Paris. The source supports only early 1802.

8. Marries in Madrid

   1802-05-26 · Madrid, Spain

   Bolívar married María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa in Madrid, a major personal turning point before their return to Venezuela.

9. Boards ship at A Coruña

   1802-06-15 · Port of A Coruña, Galicia, Spain

   Bolívar and his wife embarked from A Coruña for Venezuela aboard the San Ildefonso. Coordinates represent A Coruña's harbor.

10. Settles with his wife in Caracas

    1802-07-01 · Caracas, Venezuela

    After returning from Spain, Bolívar and his wife established their household in Caracas, where she soon became gravely ill. The settlement occurred after their 12 July arrival at La Guaira; an exact day is not stated.

11. Returns through La Guaira

    1802-07-12 · Port of La Guaira, La Guaira, Venezuela

    Bolívar and María Teresa returned to Venezuela through the port of La Guaira before settling in Caracas. Coordinates represent the historic port area.

12. Returns to Madrid after bereavement

    1803-12-01 · Madrid, Spain

    Following his wife's death, Bolívar returned to Europe and traveled to Madrid to console his father-in-law. The source does not give the day he reached Madrid.

13. Takes an apartment in Paris

    1804-05-01 · Rue Vivienne, Paris, France

    Bolívar and Fernando Rodríguez del Toro reached Paris and rented an apartment on Rue Vivienne, where Simón Rodríguez later joined them. Approximate representative coordinates on Rue Vivienne; the building number is not identified.

14. Reaches Rome

    1805-01-01 · Rome, Lazio, Italy

    Bolívar's Grand Tour culminated in Rome, whose history and monuments strongly affected his political imagination. The source does not provide an arrival day.

15. Visits Florence

    1805-01-01 · Florence, Tuscany, Italy

    Bolívar continued his Italian journey from Venice to Florence before proceeding to Rome. The source supports only the year and itinerary sequence.

16. Visits Venice on Grand Tour

    1805-01-01 · Venice, Veneto, Italy

    Bolívar traveled through the Po Valley to Venice as part of the Italian stage of his Grand Tour. The source supports only the year and sequence of travel.

17. Witnesses Napoleon's Milan coronation

    1805-05-26 · Milan, Lombardy, Italy

    During his Grand Tour, Bolívar reached Milan and witnessed Napoleon's coronation as King of Italy. Settlement coordinates are used because the quoted passage does not specify the coronation venue.

18. Swears the Monte Sacro oath

    1805-08-18 · Monte Sacro, Rome, Lazio, Italy

    At Monte Sacro, Bolívar made his celebrated oath to end Spanish rule in the Americas. Coordinates represent Monte Sacro, the traditional site associated with the oath.

19. Returns to Paris

    1806-04-01 · Paris, France

    Bolívar was back in Paris by April 1806 while seeking passage to Venezuela.

20. Embarks from Hamburg

    1806-10-01 · Port of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Unable to sail directly under prevailing naval conditions, Bolívar boarded an American ship in Hamburg. Coordinates represent Hamburg's port district.

21. Arrives in Charleston

    1807-01-01 · Charleston, South Carolina, United States

    Bolívar entered the United States through Charleston during his return journey to Venezuela.

22. Visits Boston

    1807-01-01 · Boston, Massachusetts, United States

    Bolívar reached Boston during the northernmost stage of his documented United States itinerary. Only the year and itinerary sequence are supported.

23. Visits New York City

    1807-01-01 · New York City, New York, United States

    New York City was one of Bolívar's documented stops during his journey through the United States. Only the year and itinerary sequence are supported.

24. Visits Philadelphia

    1807-01-01 · Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

    Bolívar traveled through Philadelphia during his North American journey and later sailed from the city for Venezuela. The precise dates of his visits are not stated.

25. Visits Washington

    1807-01-01 · Washington, District of Columbia, United States

    Bolívar visited the United States capital during his overland journey from Charleston toward northeastern ports. Only the year and itinerary order are supported.

26. Returns to Venezuela

    1807-06-01 · Caracas, Venezuela

    Bolívar completed his transatlantic return and resumed life in Venezuela, where he began discussing independence with creole elites. The source establishes arrival in Venezuela but not the port; Caracas is a representative point and confidence is reduced.

27. Retreats to his Aragua estate

    1809-01-01 · Valleys of Aragua, Aragua, Venezuela

    Before the 1810 revolution, Bolívar withdrew to his country property in the Valleys of Aragua. Maracay is used as a representative point for the broader Valleys of Aragua; the estate is not identified in the quoted source.

28. Arrives on diplomatic mission at Portsmouth

    1810-07-10 · Portsmouth, England, United Kingdom

    Bolívar reached England as a delegate of the Supreme Junta of Caracas seeking British support. Settlement coordinates represent Portsmouth and its harbor.

29. Meets Wellesley at Apsley House

    1810-07-16 · Apsley House, London, England, United Kingdom

    Bolívar and the Venezuelan delegation met the British foreign secretary to argue for Venezuelan independence. Bolívar is identified as a member and leader of the delegation in the adjoining text.

30. Returns through La Guaira

    1810-12-05 · Port of La Guaira, La Guaira, Venezuela

    Bolívar returned from his British diplomatic mission through La Guaira after persuading Francisco de Miranda to return to Venezuela. Coordinates represent the historic port area.

31. Fights in the Valencia campaign

    1811-01-01 · Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela

    Bolívar's first active military service included fighting in the Republican campaign against the Royalist uprising at Valencia. The campaign culminated in Valencia's recapture on 13 August, but the quote does not establish Bolívar's presence there on that exact day.

32. Conducts earthquake rescue in Caracas

    1812-03-26 · Caracas, Venezuela

    After the devastating earthquake, Bolívar rushed into Caracas and participated in rescuing survivors and recovering the dead. The date is supplied by the immediately preceding sentence describing the earthquake.

33. Takes command at Puerto Cabello

    1812-05-04 · Puerto Cabello, Carabobo, Venezuela

    Bolívar arrived at the strategically important port and fortress of Puerto Cabello to assume a Republican command.

34. Flees Puerto Cabello for La Guaira

    1812-07-06 · La Guaira, Venezuela

    After Royalist prisoners seized the fortress and turned its guns on the port, Bolívar and his remaining troops withdrew to La Guaira.

35. Arrests Miranda at La Guaira

    1812-07-30 · La Guaira, Venezuela

    Bolívar joined Republican officers in arresting Francisco de Miranda after Miranda's capitulation to the Royalists. The preceding clause identifies La Guaira as the location.

36. Hides in Caracas

    1812-07-31 · Caracas, Venezuela

    After escaping La Guaira, Bolívar reached Caracas and hid in the home of the Marquis de Casa León while seeking safe passage.

37. Exiled on Curaçao

    1812-09-01 · Willemstad, Curaçao

    Bolívar reached Curaçao after obtaining a passport and leaving Royalist-controlled Venezuela. The preceding sentence identifies Curaçao; Willemstad is used as the representative settlement and probable port.

38. Arrives in Cartagena

    1812-11-01 · Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia

    Bolívar reached independent Cartagena and offered his military services to the United Provinces of New Granada. The preceding sentence identifies Cartagena as the destination.

39. Captures Cúcuta

    1813-02-01 · Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia

    Bolívar joined Manuel del Castillo's forces and captured Cúcuta, opening the way for his invasion of Venezuela.

40. Establishes headquarters at Cúcuta

    1813-03-01 · Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia

    Bolívar established his headquarters in Cúcuta while seeking authorization to invade Venezuela. The source supports early March but not an exact day.

41. Enters Mérida during the Admirable Campaign

    1813-05-01 · Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela

    Bolívar entered Mérida with his army, received supplies and recruits, and was acclaimed as Liberator during the Admirable Campaign. Published chronologies differ on the precise May arrival day, so month precision is used.

42. Issues the War to the Death decree at Trujillo

    1813-06-15 · Trujillo, Trujillo, Venezuela

    At Trujillo, Bolívar issued the severe War to the Death proclamation that defined the conflict as a war between nations rather than merely a civil war. The page chronology places this entry under 15 June 1813.

43. Enters Caracas in triumph

    1813-08-06 · Caracas, Venezuela

    Bolívar's entrance into Caracas completed the Admirable Campaign and restored a Venezuelan republic under his leadership.

44. Returns to receive the Liberator title

    1813-10-14 · Caracas, Venezuela

    Bolívar returned to Caracas and formally received the title of Liberator from the city's authorities.

45. Meets the New Granadan congress at Tunja

    1814-01-01 · Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia

    Bolívar traveled to Tunja, where the United Provinces' congress commissioned him to subdue Cundinamarca. The meeting followed his 19 September arrival in Cartagena, but no exact date is stated.

46. Withdraws to Cumaná

    1814-08-01 · Cumaná, Sucre, Venezuela

    Following defeat at Aragua de Barcelona, Bolívar moved to the eastern stronghold of Cumaná. The move occurred after 17 August; an exact arrival day is not stated.

47. Reaches Barcelona during the eastern evacuation

    1814-08-02 · Barcelona, Anzoátegui, Venezuela

    Bolívar led civilians eastward from threatened Caracas and reached Barcelona amid the collapse of the Second Republic.

48. Sails to Margarita Island

    1814-08-26 · Margarita Island, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela

    Bolívar and Santiago Mariño sailed to Margarita with Republican treasure but were rejected by Manuel Piar. La Asunción is used as a representative point on Margarita Island.

49. Returns to Cartagena in exile

    1814-09-19 · Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia

    After being expelled from Venezuela, Bolívar reached Cartagena and again entered New Granadan service.

50. Captures Bogotá

    1814-12-12 · Bogotá, Colombia

    Bolívar captured Bogotá for the United Provinces, bringing Cundinamarca into the New Granadan union.

51. Arrives in Jamaican exile

    1815-05-14 · Kingston, Jamaica

    Bolívar reached Kingston after leaving New Granada and began an influential period of political writing and diplomatic appeals.

52. Arrives at Les Cayes

    1815-12-24 · Les Cayes, Haiti

    Bolívar joined the Republican exile community in Haiti and soon secured support from President Alexandre Pétion.

53. Departs Les Cayes expedition

    1816-03-31 · Les Cayes, Haiti

    Bolívar and the Republican expedition departed Haiti with Pétion's material support to renew the Venezuelan struggle.

54. Lands on Margarita Island

    1816-05-02 · Margarita Island, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela

    Bolívar's Haitian-supported expedition reached Republican-controlled Margarita Island before moving to mainland Venezuela. La Asunción is used as a representative point on the island.

55. Seizes Carúpano

    1816-05-31 · Carúpano, Sucre, Venezuela

    Bolívar captured Carúpano and used the mainland foothold to proclaim emancipation and reorganize Republican operations.

56. Holds Ocumare de la Costa

    1816-07-06 · Ocumare de la Costa, Aragua, Venezuela

    Bolívar occupied Ocumare de la Costa during an unsuccessful attempt to establish a durable central-coast beachhead. The card uses the first day of the documented occupation.

57. Reaches Güiria after coastal defeat

    1816-08-22 · Güiria, Sucre, Venezuela

    Bolívar fled by sea to Güiria, where rival Republican leaders deposed him from command.

58. Returns to Barcelona from Haiti

    1816-12-31 · Barcelona, Anzoátegui, Venezuela

    Bolívar's second Haitian-supported expedition landed at Barcelona, where he renewed his claim to supreme Republican leadership.

59. Besieges Angostura

    1817-05-02 · Angostura, present-day Ciudad Bolívar, Bolívar, Venezuela

    Bolívar joined Manuel Piar's forces besieging Angostura, the city that became the political and logistical base of the Third Republic. Coordinates represent the historic center of present-day Ciudad Bolívar.

60. Meets Páez at San Juan de Payara

    1818-01-30 · San Juan de Payara, Apure, Venezuela

    At this meeting José Antonio Páez recognized Bolívar as supreme Republican leader, strengthening Bolívar's authority over the llanero forces. Settlement coordinates are approximate.

61. Takes Calabozo

    1818-02-01 · Calabozo, Guárico, Venezuela

    Bolívar advanced north with the Republican army and defeated Pablo Morillo's forces at Calabozo. Bolívar's leadership and subsequent advance are explicit in context; the source gives month precision.

62. Defeated at La Puerta

    1818-03-16 · La Puerta, Guárico, Venezuela

    Bolívar's advance toward Caracas was stopped by Royalist forces at the Third Battle of La Puerta. Coordinates are an approximate representative point for the La Puerta battlefield area.

63. Addresses the Congress of Angostura

    1819-02-15 · Angostura, present-day Ciudad Bolívar, Bolívar, Venezuela

    Bolívar opened the Congress of Angostura with a major constitutional address advocating centralized government and racial equality. Coordinates represent central Ciudad Bolívar.

64. Plans the New Granada invasion at Mantecal

    1819-05-23 · Mantecal, Apure, Venezuela

    Bolívar gathered his officers at Mantecal and presented the plan for the difficult rainy-season invasion of New Granada. Settlement coordinates are approximate.

65. Sets out from Mantecal

    1819-05-25 · Mantecal, Apure, Venezuela

    Bolívar departed Mantecal with Venezuelan troops to join Santander and begin the campaign across the flooded plains and Andes. Settlement coordinates are approximate.

66. Organizes the combined army at Tame

    1819-06-12 · Tame, Arauca, Colombia

    Bolívar reached Tame and organized his forces with Santander's New Granadan troops into the Liberator Army.

67. Reaches Morcote

    1819-06-27 · Morcote, Paya, Boyacá, Colombia

    Bolívar and the rearguard reached Morcote at the Andean foothills as doubts grew about the feasibility of the crossing. Coordinates are approximate because Morcote is a small rural locality.

68. Crosses the Páramo de Pisba

    1819-07-05 · Páramo de Pisba, Cordillera Oriental, Colombia

    Bolívar accompanied the rearguard over the freezing Páramo de Pisba in one of the campaign's most arduous stages. The preceding sentence dates the rearguard's crossing to 5 July. Coordinates are a representative point within the broad páramo.

69. Arrives in Socha

    1819-07-06 · Socha, Boyacá, Colombia

    Bolívar emerged from the Andes at Socha with a severely weakened army, which rested and received local assistance.

70. Commands at Vargas Swamp

    1819-07-25 · Vargas Swamp battlefield, Paipa, Boyacá, Colombia

    Bolívar fought the Royalists at Vargas Swamp and committed Juan José Rondón's reserve cavalry at a critical point in the battle. Coordinates represent the Vargas Swamp battlefield area.

71. Observes the Royalists before Boyacá

    1819-08-07 · San Lázaro heights, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia

    From the San Lázaro heights near Tunja, Bolívar observed the Royalist march and ordered its interception at Boyacá Bridge. Coordinates are an approximate point in the San Lázaro heights west of central Tunja.

72. Enters Bogotá after Boyacá

    1819-08-10 · Bogotá, Colombia

    Bolívar's army entered the viceregal capital without resistance, completing the liberation campaign in central New Granada. Santa Fe is present-day Bogotá.

73. Returns to Angostura

    1819-12-11 · Angostura, present-day Ciudad Bolívar, Bolívar, Venezuela

    Bolívar returned to Angostura after the New Granada victory and defused a political challenge before proposing the union that became Gran Colombia. Coordinates represent central Ciudad Bolívar.

74. Meets Santander in Bogotá

    1820-03-01 · Bogotá, Colombia

    Bolívar met Vice President Santander in Bogotá while coordinating campaigns on Gran Colombia's Caribbean and Venezuelan fronts.

75. Inspects forces at Cúcuta

    1820-04-01 · Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia

    Bolívar rode to Cúcuta and inspected Republican forces in northern Colombia during April and May. The card uses April, the beginning of the documented April–May interval.

76. Signs armistice treaties at Trujillo

    1820-11-25 · Trujillo, Trujillo, Venezuela

    Bolívar signed agreements with Pablo Morillo establishing a truce, prisoner exchanges, and rules protecting combatants. The preceding sentence identifies Trujillo as the negotiation location; the card uses the first signing date.

77. Meets Morillo at Santa Ana

    1820-11-27 · Santa Ana de Trujillo, Trujillo, Venezuela

    Bolívar and Spanish commander Pablo Morillo met personally after concluding the armistice and regularization treaties. The previous sentence dates the treaty signing to 25–26 November, making the meeting date 27 November.

78. Wins the Battle of Carabobo

    1821-06-24 · Carabobo battlefield, Carabobo, Venezuela

    Bolívar and Páez decisively defeated Miguel de la Torre at Carabobo, securing the principal military victory for Venezuelan independence. Coordinates represent the historic battlefield and monument area.

79. Enters liberated Caracas

    1821-06-29 · Caracas, Venezuela

    Five days after Carabobo, Bolívar made a triumphal entrance into Caracas and reorganized Venezuela's military administration.

80. Meets the Congress of Cúcuta

    1821-10-03 · Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia

    Bolívar met the constituent congress and was sworn in as president of Gran Colombia. The exact congressional venue is not specified, so settlement coordinates are used.

81. Fights at Bomboná

    1822-04-07 · Bomboná battlefield, Consacá, Nariño, Colombia

    Bolívar's southward advance was checked by a costly battle against Royalist forces near Pasto. Coordinates are an approximate representative point near the Bomboná hacienda and battlefield.

82. Parades through Quito

    1822-06-16 · Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador

    After Pasto surrendered and Sucre won at Pichincha, Bolívar entered Quito in a celebratory parade and met Manuela Sáenz. The preceding clause dates Pasto's surrender to 6 June, establishing 16 June.

83. Meets San Martín at Guayaquil

    1822-07-26 · Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador

    Bolívar met José de San Martín during the two-day Guayaquil Conference to discuss Guayaquil and the completion of Peru's liberation. The card uses the first day of the conference.

84. Arrives in Lima

    1823-09-01 · Lima, Peru

    Bolívar reached the Peruvian capital to assume leadership amid conflict among Republican factions and advancing Royalist forces.

85. Commands victory at Junín

    1824-08-06 · Junín battlefield, Junín, Peru

    Bolívar personally led the Republican army at Junín, defeating the Royalist cavalry in a pivotal highland engagement. Coordinates represent the battlefield on the Junín plateau.

86. Moves political headquarters to Huancayo

    1824-10-06 · Huancayo, Junín, Peru

    Bolívar transferred field command to Sucre and went to Huancayo to direct Peru's political administration.

87. Reoccupies Lima

    1824-12-05 · Lima, Peru

    Bolívar returned to Lima shortly before Sucre's decisive victory over the Royalists at Ayacucho.

88. Governs from Arequipa during southern tour

    1825-05-20 · Arequipa, Peru

    During his triumphal tour of southern Peru, Bolívar was in Arequipa when he called elections for a new general congress. The Spanish-language Wikipedia passage directly locates Bolívar in Arequipa on this date.

89. Reaches Cusco during triumphal tour

    1825-08-01 · Cusco, Peru

    Bolívar visited the former Inca capital during his tour of southern Peru and was ceremonially honored by its inhabitants. The source establishes presence by August but not an exact arrival date.

90. Arrives in Potosí

    1825-10-05 · Potosí, Bolivia

    Bolívar entered Potosí and met Argentine envoys who unsuccessfully sought his intervention against Brazil.

91. Appoints Sucre in Chuquisaca

    1825-12-29 · Chuquisaca, present-day Sucre, Bolivia

    Bolívar traveled to Bolivia's capital and delegated its government to Antonio José de Sucre. Coordinates represent central Sucre, historically Chuquisaca.

92. Returns to Lima

    1826-02-10 · Lima, Peru

    After leaving Bolivia, Bolívar returned to Lima and continued governing Peru while drafting Bolivia's constitution.

93. Returns to Guayaquil

    1826-09-13 · Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador

    Bolívar arrived from Peru amid Gran Colombia's worsening regional political crisis and heard grievances against Santander's administration.

94. Arrives in Bogotá to resume presidency

    1826-11-14 · Bogotá, Colombia

    Bolívar reached Bogotá after reconciling with Santander and agreeing to resume the presidency of Gran Colombia.

95. Arrives at Puerto Cabello

    1826-12-31 · Puerto Cabello, Carabobo, Venezuela

    Bolívar returned to Venezuela with an army and offered an amnesty intended to end José Antonio Páez's rebellion.

96. Enters Caracas with Páez

    1827-01-01 · Caracas, Venezuela

    After confirming Páez's authority, Bolívar entered Caracas beside him and attended celebrations of reconciliation and amnesty. The source supports January but not an exact day.

97. Returns to Bogotá with an army

    1827-09-10 · Bogotá, Colombia

    Bolívar returned from Venezuela and pressed for a constitutional convention to address Gran Colombia's deepening crisis. The preceding sentence explicitly identifies Bogotá as the destination.

98. Monitors the Ocaña Convention from Bucaramanga

    1828-04-09 · Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia

    Bolívar based himself in Bucaramanga while aides reported on the constitutional convention meeting at Ocaña. The wording links his Bucaramanga base to the convention's opening; it may not establish the exact day of arrival.

99. Returns to Bogotá after the convention

    1828-06-24 · Bogotá, Colombia

    Bolívar returned to the capital after his supporters' walkout ended the Ocaña Convention without a new constitution.

100. Escapes assassins at the Palacio de San Carlos

     1828-09-25 · Palacio de San Carlos, Bogotá, Colombia

     During the Septembrine Conspiracy, Manuela Sáenz delayed the attackers while Bolívar escaped from the presidential palace. The preceding sentence dates the assassination attempt to 25 September 1828.

101. Establishes headquarters at Samborondón

     1829-06-19 · Samborondón, Guayas, Ecuador

     During the Gran Colombia–Peru conflict, Bolívar reached Samborondón and used it as headquarters for planned operations around occupied Guayaquil. The source is a Spanish-language Wikipedia campaign article; settlement coordinates are used.

102. Seeks recuperation at Turbaco

     1830-01-01 · Turbaco, Bolívar, Colombia

     While his health deteriorated near Cartagena, Bolívar traveled to Turbaco hoping that its thermal baths would help him recover. The museum account establishes the visit during his final 1830 stay near Cartagena but provides no date.

103. Returns to Bogotá for the Admirable Congress

     1830-01-15 · Bogotá, Colombia

     Bolívar returned to Bogotá shortly before the Admirable Congress convened to devise a new constitutional settlement.

104. Embarks on the Magdalena at Honda

     1830-05-01 · Honda, Tolima, Colombia

     At Honda, Bolívar mounted a horse for the last time and embarked for the downstream journey toward Mompox and Cartagena. The preceding clause identifies Honda; no precise arrival day is given.

105. Passes through Facatativá

     1830-05-01 · Facatativá, Cundinamarca, Colombia

     Bolívar crossed the Bogotá savanna through Facatativá during his final journey toward the Magdalena River and Caribbean coast. The museum chronology supports the route but not a precise day; May follows his 8 May departure.

106. Leaves Bogotá for exile

     1830-05-08 · Bogotá, Colombia

     After resigning the presidency, Bolívar departed Bogotá intending to travel to Europe.

107. Arrives in Cartagena awaiting passage

     1830-06-01 · Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia

     Bolívar reached Cartagena by the end of June and waited there for a ship that might carry him to England. The source supports late June but not an exact day.

108. Travels through Mompox

     1830-06-01 · Santa Cruz de Mompox, Bolívar, Colombia

     Bolívar's final river journey carried him through Mompox before he continued toward Cartagena by the Canal del Dique. June is inferred from the documented route between his May departure and late-June Cartagena arrival; exact date is unknown.

109. Moves to Barranquilla

     1830-10-01 · Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia

     With his health declining, Bolívar moved from Soledad to Barranquilla and stayed in Bartolomé Molinares's house. The museum dates the stay from late October into early November but does not provide a street address.

110. Stays at Soledad

     1830-10-01 · Soledad, Atlántico, Colombia

     Bolívar accepted an invitation to stay in Soledad but left after its climate worsened his condition. The museum places this stay before his late-October move to Barranquilla; month precision is approximate.

111. Lodges at Santa Marta's Customs House

     1830-12-01 · Casa de la Aduana, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia

     Bolívar disembarked at Santa Marta and stayed in the historic Customs House during the first days of his final illness. Coordinates represent the Casa de la Aduana beside Parque de Bolívar.

112. Transferred to Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino

     1830-12-06 · Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia

     Bolívar was moved to the country estate outside Santa Marta where he spent the remaining days of his life. Coordinates represent the historic estate complex.

113. Dies at San Pedro Alejandrino

     1830-12-17 · Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia

     Bolívar died at the Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino after a prolonged pulmonary illness, ending his career at age forty-seven. The preceding sentence identifies the Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino as the location.