13 moments

1. Birth in the Khamag Mongol

   1186-01-01 · Khamag Mongol, Mongolian Plateau

   

   Ögedei was born into the Khamag Mongol polity, the Mongol confederation from which his father Genghis Khan emerged. The source gives only the broad polity and an approximate year; coordinates are a representative point in the Mongolian Plateau, not a documented birth site.

2. Wounded at the Battle of Khalakhaljid Sands

   1203-01-01 · Khalakhaljid Sands, Mount Mauo, Mongolia

   As Temüjin's seventeen-year-old son, Ögedei was severely wounded during the Mongol defeat at Khalakhaljid Sands. The battle article identifies the location as Khalakhaljid Sands at Mount Mauo but does not provide precise coordinates; the point is a representative location in the documented Khuduu Aral/Kherlen region and is geographically uncertain.

3. Jin campaign through Hebei

   1211-11-01 · Hebei, China

   

   Ögedei took part in his first independent campaign against the Jin dynasty and was sent south through Hebei. Coordinates represent Hebei because the source documents movement through the province rather than a specific settlement.

4. Jin campaign through Shanxi

   1213-01-01 · Shanxi, China

   

   During the Jin campaign, Ögedei moved north through Shanxi with his force. Coordinates represent Shanxi broadly; the source does not identify a particular site within the province.

5. Siege of Otrar

   1219-01-01 · Otrar, Turkestan Region, Kazakhstan

   

   Ögedei and Chagatai participated in the five-month siege of Otrar during the Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia. The source dates the siege to 1219–20; the schema cannot encode a date range, so the start year is used.

6. Capture of Gurganj

   1221-01-01 · Gurganj (Konye-Urgench), Dashoguz Region, Turkmenistan

   

   After joining Jochi outside Urganch, Ögedei was made sole commander of the siege and captured the city, enhancing his military reputation. The medieval city of Gurganj/Urgench is represented by the Konye-Urgench archaeological site, rather than modern Urgench in Uzbekistan.

7. Enthronement at Khuduu Aral

   1229-09-13 · Khuduu Aral, Kherlen River, Khentii Province, Mongolia

   

   After the regency of his brother Tolui, Ögedei was proclaimed khan at the kurultai held at Khödöö Aral on the Kherlen River. Coordinates are for UNESCO's documented Khuduu Aral cultural landscape.

8. Jin campaign and capture of Fengxiang

   1230-01-01 · Fengxiang, Baoji, Shaanxi, China

   

   Ögedei and Tolui campaigned south against the Jin, clearing Shanxi of Jin forces and taking Fengxiang. Coordinates represent Fengxiang's historic urban area; the source describes a campaign spanning Shanxi and Fengxiang.

9. Arrival at Yunzhong

   1231-01-01 · Yunzhong (modern Datong), Shanxi, China

   The History of Yuan records Ögedei's arrival at Yunzhong during the renewed Jin campaign. Yunzhong is represented by modern Datong; the historical administrative area's exact extent differed from the modern city.

10. Siege of Hezhong

    1231-01-01 · Hezhong (near modern Yongji), Shanxi, China

    Ögedei commanded the Mongol siege of Hezhong in the winter of 1231. Hezhong was a historical prefectural center near modern Yongji; coordinates are representative.

11. Southern campaign in Henan

    1232-01-01 · Henan, China

    

    Ögedei personally led the southern campaign in Henan during the final phase of the war against Jin. Coordinates represent Henan broadly because the cited record names the province rather than a specific campaign site.

12. Building at Karakorum

    1235-01-01 · Karakorum, Övörkhangai Province, Mongolia

    

    Ögedei's construction program at Karakorum helped establish the city as the Mongol imperial capital. The cited History of Yuan-derived record places the building activity at Karakorum; coordinates identify the archaeological site.

13. Death in the Mongol Empire

    1241-12-11 · Mongol Empire, exact site unknown

    

    Ögedei died while still khagan, ending his reign and triggering the succession crisis that led to Töregene's regency. The source gives the date but only the Mongol Empire as the place of death. Coordinates are a representative point in present-day Mongolia and do not identify the unknown death site.