33 moments

1. Birth at San Pablo Guelatao

   1806-03-21 · San Pablo Guelatao, Oaxaca, Mexico

   

   Juárez was born in the Zapotec village of San Pablo Guelatao in Oaxaca.

2. Move to Oaxaca City

   1818-01-01 · Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, Mexico

   At age twelve, Juárez left his home region for Oaxaca City, where he entered domestic service and began formal schooling. The source fixes the move to the year in which he was age twelve; no day or month is given.

3. Seminary studies

   1821-01-01 · Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, Mexico

   Juárez began theological studies in Oaxaca shortly before Mexican independence, an important stage in his education before he turned to law. The source gives a season rather than an exact date.

4. Transfer to the Institute of Arts and Sciences

   1827-01-01 · Institute of Sciences and Arts of Oaxaca, Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, Mexico

   Juárez transferred from seminary study to the Institute of Arts and Sciences, beginning the legal education that underpinned his public career. Coordinates represent the historic institute area in central Oaxaca City.

5. Municipal council post

   1831-01-01 · Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, Mexico

   Juárez entered municipal public service as judicial secretary to Oaxaca City's council.

6. Assumes governorship of Oaxaca

   1847-11-01 · Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, Mexico

   

   Juárez assumed the governorship during a period of state instability following the Mexican-American War. The office was the governorship of Oaxaca; coordinates represent the state capital.

7. Return through Acapulco

   1855-01-01 · Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico

   

   Returning from exile as the Ayutla Revolution advanced, Juárez arrived at the southern rebel port of Acapulco. The source specifies summer 1855, not a particular month or day.

8. Retirement in Oaxaca

   1856-01-01 · Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, Mexico

   

   After serving in Juan Álvarez's cabinet, Juárez spent 1856 retired in Oaxaca while remaining engaged with Liberal allies.

9. Imprisonment in the capital

   1857-12-01 · Mexico City, Mexico

   

   During the Tacubaya coup, President Ignacio Comonfort had Juárez imprisoned in Mexico's capital. The surrounding text dates the coup and imprisonment to December 1857; coordinates represent central Mexico City.

10. Constitutional government at Guanajuato

    1858-01-19 · Guanajuato City, Guanajuato, Mexico

    

    After leaving Mexico City, Juárez established the constitutional government at Guanajuato as the Reform War began.

11. Government installed at Guadalajara

    1858-02-14 · Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

    

    Juárez moved his government to Guadalajara, where it briefly operated before a garrison mutiny.

12. Captured at Guadalajara

    1858-03-13 · Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

    

    A mutiny led to Juárez and his ministers being seized in Guadalajara; Guillermo Prieto helped prevent their execution the following day.

13. Arrival at Sayula

    1858-03-23 · Sayula, Jalisco, Mexico

    Juárez reached Sayula while moving his government westward after leaving Guadalajara.

14. Entry into Zapotlán

    1858-03-24 · Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, Mexico

    Juárez and his entourage entered Zapotlán on the overland route toward Colima and Manzanillo. Zapotlán is the historic name of present-day Ciudad Guzmán.

15. Embarkation at Manzanillo

    1858-04-11 · Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico

    Juárez and his cabinet embarked from Manzanillo on a sea route to the Liberal stronghold at Veracruz.

16. Arrival in Panama

    1858-04-18 · Panama City, Panama

    Juárez and his ministers reached Panama during their circuitous voyage from the Pacific coast to Veracruz. Panama City was then in the Republic of New Granada.

17. Arrival in Havana

    1858-04-22 · Havana, Cuba

    Juárez's government stopped in Havana during its sea journey to the Gulf coast of Mexico. Havana was then part of the Spanish Empire.

18. Arrival in New Orleans

    1858-04-28 · New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

    Juárez arrived in New Orleans before continuing by sea to Veracruz with his cabinet.

19. Arrival at Veracruz

    1858-05-04 · Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico

    

    Juárez reached Veracruz, which became the Liberal capital during the Reform War.

20. Reform Laws at Veracruz

    1859-07-12 · Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico

    

    From Veracruz, Juárez promulgated the Law of Nationalization of Ecclesiastical Property, a central measure of the Reform.

21. Departure from Veracruz for the capital

    1861-01-05 · Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico

    

    Following Liberal victory, Juárez left Veracruz to restore the federal powers in Mexico City.

22. Inspection of Puebla fortifications

    1863-03-03 · Puebla City, Puebla, Mexico

    During the French intervention, Juárez inspected Puebla's defenses before the city fell to French forces later that year.

23. Departure from Mexico City during French advance

    1863-05-31 · Mexico City, Mexico

    

    Juárez left Mexico City with his family, cabinet, legislators, and government employees as the French army approached.

24. Republican government at Saltillo

    1864-01-09 · Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico

    

    Juárez established the republican government in Saltillo while maintaining resistance to the French-backed empire.

25. Retreat to Santa Catarina

    1864-08-15 · Santa Catarina, Nuevo León, Mexico

    

    With Monterrey under attack, Juárez withdrew his government to Santa Catarina. The source identifies the city he left as Monterrey.

26. Arrival at Chihuahua City

    1864-08-28 · Chihuahua City, Chihuahua, Mexico

    

    Juárez reached Chihuahua City during the northward relocation of the republican government.

27. Evacuation toward Paso del Norte

    1865-08-05 · Chihuahua City, Chihuahua, Mexico

    

    Pressed by French forces, Juárez left Chihuahua City for Paso del Norte, the border refuge from which he sustained the republican cause. This card locates his documented departure point; the source does not give an arrival date at Paso del Norte.

28. Government re-established at Chihuahua

    1865-11-30 · Chihuahua City, Chihuahua, Mexico

    

    Juárez returned to Chihuahua City and re-established the republican government there.

29. Government established at Chihuahua

    1866-06-17 · Chihuahua City, Chihuahua, Mexico

    

    Juárez again established his government at Chihuahua City as the French position in Mexico weakened.

30. Government established at Zacatecas

    1867-01-22 · Zacatecas City, Zacatecas, Mexico

    

    As the empire collapsed, Juárez moved the republican government to Zacatecas.

31. At San Luis Potosí during Maximilian trial

    1867-06-13 · San Luis Potosí City, San Luis Potosí, Mexico

    

    Juárez was in San Luis Potosí while the republican government tried Maximilian and leading imperial generals at Querétaro.

32. Triumphal reentry into Mexico City

    1867-07-15 · Mexico City, Mexico

    

    Juárez returned to Mexico City after the collapse of the Second Mexican Empire, inaugurating the Restored Republic. The source identifies the capital as Mexico City in the surrounding section.

33. Death in Mexico City

    1872-07-18 · Mexico City, Mexico

    

    Juárez died in Mexico City while still serving as president of Mexico.