40 moments

1. Birth in Surabaya

   1901-06-06 · Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

   Sukarno was born in Surabaya, then in the Dutch East Indies. City-representative coordinates; the cited biography does not identify a birth building.

2. Primary school in Mojokerto

   1912-01-01 · Mojokerto, East Java, Indonesia

   After completing native primary school, Sukarno was sent to the Dutch primary school in Mojokerto. Settlement coordinates; the particular school building is not specified.

3. Secondary schooling in Surabaya

   1916-01-01 · Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

   

   Sukarno entered the Hogere Burgerschool in Surabaya, where he met nationalist leader Tjokroaminoto. City-representative coordinates; the cited text does not specify the school address.

4. Engineering studies in Bandung

   1921-01-01 · Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

   Sukarno began civil-engineering and architecture studies at the Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng, completing his degree in 1926.

5. Arrest while visiting Yogyakarta

   1929-12-29 · Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

   Dutch colonial authorities arrested Sukarno during a visit to Yogyakarta amid raids against Indonesian National Party leaders. Settlement coordinates; the arrest site is not specified.

6. Colonial trial in Bandung

   1930-08-01 · Bandung Landraad courthouse, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

   Sukarno gave the speeches later known as Indonesia Accuses during his colonial trial at the Bandung Landraad courthouse. Coordinates represent the historic central Bandung court area; the former courthouse site requires further archival precision.

7. Imprisonment at Sukamiskin

   1930-12-01 · Sukamiskin Prison, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

   Following conviction, Sukarno served his sentence in Sukamiskin prison in Bandung until his early release in December 1931.

8. Exile in Ende

   1934-01-01 · Ende, Flores, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

   The colonial government sent Sukarno and his family into internal exile at Ende on Flores. Town coordinates; the exile residence is not identified in the cited text.

9. Exile transferred to Bengkulu

   1938-02-01 · Bengkulu, Bengkulu, Indonesia

   

   Dutch authorities transferred Sukarno and his family from Flores to Bengkulu after a malaria outbreak. Settlement coordinates; the exile home is not specified.

10. Forced transfer to Padang

    1942-01-10 · Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia

    As Japan invaded the Dutch East Indies, Dutch forces transported Sukarno and his entourage from Bengkulu to Padang. Settlement coordinates; the exact point at which he was abandoned is not identified.

11. Return to Jakarta under Japanese occupation

    1942-07-01 · Jakarta, Indonesia

    Japanese authorities sent Sukarno from Sumatra to Jakarta, where he rejoined nationalist leaders including Mohammad Hatta. City-representative coordinates.

12. Seventeen-day Japanese tour

    1943-11-10 · Tokyo, Japan

    Sukarno and Hatta began a 17-day Japan tour, receiving decorations from Emperor Hirohito and being entertained by Prime Minister Hideki Tojo. Tokyo coordinates represent the documented city; the itinerary encompassed more than one site.

13. Propaganda-tour debate at Bayah

    1944-09-01 · Bayah, Banten, Indonesia

    During a propaganda tour, Sukarno debated Tan Malaka over independence and collaboration with Japan at Bayah. The source establishes September 1944 only by reference to the preceding September paragraph.

14. PPKI mission to Da Lat

    1945-08-09 · Da Lat, Lâm Đồng, Vietnam

    Sukarno, Hatta, and Radjiman Wediodiningrat met Field Marshal Hisaichi Terauchi after being summoned to Da Lat to discuss Indonesian independence preparations. Settlement coordinates; the meeting venue is not specified.

15. Drafting the proclamation in Menteng

    1945-08-16 · Admiral Tadashi Maeda House, Menteng, Jakarta, Indonesia

    After returning from Rengasdengklok, Sukarno helped prepare the text of the Indonesian independence proclamation at Admiral Maeda's house. Coordinates represent the historic Maeda House / Museum of the Proclamation Text Formulation.

16. Kidnapped to Rengasdengklok

    1945-08-16 · Rengasdengklok, Karawang Regency, West Java, Indonesia

    Youth activists took Sukarno from Jakarta to Rengasdengklok to press him to proclaim Indonesian independence. Town coordinates; the specific house is not independently geolocated here.

17. Proclamation of Indonesian independence

    1945-08-17 · Jalan Pegangsaan Timur No. 56, Jakarta, Indonesia

    

    Sukarno proclaimed the independence of the Republic of Indonesia from the porch of his residence, alongside Mohammad Hatta. The historic house was later demolished; coordinates represent the former site area.

18. Independence rally at Ikada Field

    1945-09-19 · Ikada Field, now Merdeka Square, Jakarta, Indonesia

    Sukarno addressed a mass gathering at Ikada Field one month after the proclamation.

19. Linggadjati Agreement appearance

    1946-11-01 · Linggajati, Cirebon Regency, West Java, Indonesia

    

    Sukarno appeared at the negotiations associated with the Linggadjati Agreement, a major attempt to define Dutch–Indonesian relations during the revolution. The cited image caption establishes attendance; the source dates the agreement to November 1946 but does not give a day in the caption.

20. Addressing the KNIP in Malang

    1947-03-01 · Malang, East Java, Indonesia

    

    Sukarno addressed the Central Indonesian National Committee amid controversy over negotiations with the Netherlands. Caption-based evidence; city-representative coordinates.

21. Captured at Yogyakarta in Operation Kraai

    1948-12-19 · Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

    

    Dutch forces captured Sukarno during their assault on the republican capital of Yogyakarta. The operation began on this date; settlement coordinates represent the provisional capital.

22. Captivity on Bangka

    1949-01-01 · Bangka Island, Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia

    Dutch authorities subsequently transferred Sukarno from Parapat to Bangka Island during his detention. Representative island coordinates; the cited text does not identify the detention site or transfer date more precisely.

23. Dutch captivity in Parapat

    1949-01-01 · Parapat, North Sumatra, Indonesia

    After capture in Operation Kraai, Sukarno was held by Dutch authorities in Parapat, North Sumatra. The source establishes captivity at Parapat and a 1949 photograph, but not a more precise arrival date.

24. Return to Yogyakarta

    1949-06-01 · Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

    

    Following the Roem–Van Roijen Agreement and the restoration of republican control around Yogyakarta, Sukarno returned to the revolutionary capital. Caption-based evidence; settlement coordinates.

25. Triumphal flight to Jakarta

    1949-12-27 · Merdeka Palace, Jakarta, Indonesia

    On the day of sovereignty transfer, Sukarno flew from Yogyakarta to Jakarta and spoke at the governor-general's palace, renamed Merdeka Palace.

26. Arrival at Surabaya Gubeng station

    1952-05-22 · Surabaya Gubeng railway station, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

    

    Sukarno arrived at Surabaya Gubeng railway station and was greeted by residents and children. Caption-based evidence.

27. Opening the Asian-African Conference

    1955-04-18 · Gedung Merdeka, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

    Sukarno opened the Asian-African Conference in Bandung, a foundational event in postcolonial Asian-African diplomacy. The Indonesian government archival record gives Bandung as the place of publication and identifies the speech as the conference-opening address.

28. First visit to Beijing

    1956-01-01 · Beijing, China

    Sukarno made his first documented visit to Beijing, after which he strengthened relations with the People's Republic of China and the communist bloc. City-representative coordinates; no finer date is supplied.

29. Address to the U.S. Congress

    1956-05-17 · United States Capitol, Washington, D.C., United States

    

    During a United States state visit, Sukarno addressed a Joint Meeting of Congress at the Capitol.

30. Meeting Fidel Castro in Havana

    1960-01-01 · Havana, Cuba

    

    Sukarno met Cuban leader Fidel Castro in Havana during a period of close Indonesian-Cuban relations. Caption-based evidence; city-representative coordinates.

31. Non-Aligned summit in Belgrade

    1961-09-01 · Belgrade, Yugoslavia, now Serbia

    Sukarno attended the first summit of non-aligned states in Belgrade before joining a peace mission to Washington later that month. The summit ran from 1 to 6 September 1961; the cited evidence does not specify Sukarno's individual arrival or departure date.

32. TRIKORA speech in Yogyakarta

    1961-12-19 · Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

    Sukarno declared military confrontation over West Irian in his Tri Komando Rakyat speech in Yogyakarta. Settlement coordinates; the speaking venue is not specified.

33. Meeting Maxwell Taylor at Merdeka Palace

    1963-08-02 · Merdeka Palace, Jakarta, Indonesia

    

    Sukarno met U.S. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Maxwell Taylor at Merdeka Palace during escalating regional tensions. Caption-based evidence.

34. DWIKORA speech in Jakarta

    1964-05-03 · Jakarta, Indonesia

    Sukarno proclaimed the Dwi Komando Rakyat policy of confrontation with Malaysia in Jakarta. City-representative coordinates; the source does not identify the speech venue.

35. PKI anniversary speech at Gelora Bung Karno

    1965-04-01 · Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium, Jakarta, Indonesia

    

    Sukarno spoke at the celebration of the forty-fifth anniversary of the Indonesian Communist Party at the Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium. Caption-based evidence; source supports month but not day.

36. Gathering at Halim Air Force Base

    1965-10-01 · Halim Perdanakusuma Air Force Base, Jakarta, Indonesia

    During the collapse of the 30 September Movement, Sukarno was among those gathered at Halim Air Force Base before leaving under Suharto's ultimatum. The source explicitly notes that the reasons for Sukarno's presence were unclear and contested.

37. Residence at Bogor Palace

    1965-10-01 · Bogor Palace, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

    After leaving Halim, Sukarno took up residence at Bogor Palace as his political authority rapidly diminished. The relocation followed the events of 1 October 1965; the source does not supply a more precise residence-start date.

38. Signing Supersemar at Bogor Palace

    1966-03-11 · Bogor Palace, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

    Sukarno fled the cabinet meeting in Jakarta for Bogor Palace and there signed the order that transferred sweeping authority to Suharto.

39. House arrest at Wisma Yaso

    1967-03-12 · Wisma Yaso, now Satriamandala Museum, Jakarta, Indonesia

    After the MPR named Suharto acting president, Sukarno was placed under house arrest at Wisma Yaso. The source places this immediately after the MPR action of 12 March 1967.

40. Death at Jakarta Army Hospital

    1970-06-21 · Jakarta Army Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia

    Sukarno died of kidney failure at Jakarta Army Hospital after years of political confinement and deteriorating health. Coordinates represent the Jakarta Army Hospital / RSPAD Gatot Soebroto area.