1. Stop in Genoa after Spain

    · Genoa, Liguria, Italy

    Stop in Genoa after Spain
    Wikimedia Commons · Public domain · file

    Returning from Spain, Rubens stopped in Genoa, where he received portrait commissions from Genoese aristocrats. The journey followed the 1603 Spanish mission; 1604 is the maximum defensible year-level placement in the broader chronology.

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