44 moments

1. Birth in Phnom Penh

   1922-10-31 · Phnom Penh, Cambodia

   Norodom Sihanouk was born in Phnom Penh, then in Cambodia under French colonial rule.

2. Secondary school in Saigon

   1936-01-01 · Saigon, Cochinchina, French Indochina

   He was sent to Saigon for boarding-school secondary education at Lycée Chasseloup Laubat. The source gives the year but not a more precise arrival date.

3. Military training at Saumur

   1946-01-01 · Saumur, France

   As king, Sihanouk attended military training at the Armoured Cavalry Branch Training School in Saumur. Year-level date only.

4. Second military-training trip to Saumur

   1948-01-01 · Saumur, France

   He returned to Saumur for a second period of military training and was made a reserve captain in the French army. Year-level date only.

5. Autonomy negotiations in Paris

   1949-01-01 · Paris, France

   Sihanouk travelled with his parents to negotiate greater Cambodian autonomy with the French government. The source supports early-1949 precision only.

6. Independence advocacy in Canada

   1953-01-01 · Canada

   During his independence campaign abroad, Sihanouk travelled to Canada and gave radio interviews presenting Cambodia's case. The source gives no more precise date or Canadian locality; coordinates represent Canada.

7. Independence advocacy in the United States

   1953-01-01 · United States

   During his independence campaign abroad, Sihanouk travelled to the United States and gave radio interviews presenting Cambodia's case. The source gives no more precise date or U.S. locality; coordinates represent the United States.

8. Independence campaign in France

   1953-01-01 · France

   After reappointing Penn Nouth, Sihanouk left for France and pressed President Vincent Auriol for full Cambodian independence. The specific French locality is not identified; coordinates represent France.

9. Independence campaign residence in Siem Reap

   1953-06-01 · Siem Reap, Cambodia

   On returning to Cambodia, Sihanouk made Siem Reap his residence and organized public independence rallies. Month-level date only.

10. Independence declaration in Phnom Penh

    1953-10-01 · Phnom Penh, Cambodia

    Sihanouk went to Phnom Penh at the end of October before declaring Cambodia's independence from France on 9 November. The movement to Phnom Penh is dated only to the end of October.

11. State visit to the Philippines

    1956-01-01 · Philippines

    

    While on a state visit to the Philippines, Sihanouk resisted efforts to bring Cambodia under SEATO protection. The source does not identify the city visited; coordinates represent the Philippines.

12. First visit to China

    1956-02-01 · Beijing, China

    

    Sihanouk's first visit to China brought a warm reception from Premier Zhou Enlai and a subsequent friendship treaty. The passage identifies China but not a city; Beijing is used because Zhou Enlai's state reception was in the national capital.

13. Meeting President Kennedy in New York

    1961-09-25 · New York City, New York, United States

    

    Sihanouk met U.S. President John F. Kennedy in New York City during Cambodia's early non-aligned diplomacy.

14. Meeting Chinese leaders in Beijing

    1965-01-01 · Beijing, China

    

    Sihanouk met Mao Zedong, Peng Zhen, and Liu Shaoqi in Beijing amid Cambodia's growing ties with China. Year-level date derived from the image caption.

15. Holiday on the French Riviera

    1970-01-01 · French Riviera, France

    Sihanouk left Cambodia for a two-month holiday in France, staying at a luxury resort on the French Riviera shortly before the coup that deposed him. The specific resort is not named; coordinates are a representative point on the French Riviera.

16. Arrival in Beijing after deposition

    1970-03-01 · Beijing, China

    After learning of his deposition in Moscow, Sihanouk flew to Beijing, where Zhou Enlai received him and Chinese support for his resistance was organized. The source places this immediately after 18 March 1970 but does not provide an arrival day.

17. In Paris during Cambodian protests

    1970-03-01 · Paris, France

    While Cambodian anti-Vietnamese embassy protests escalated, Sihanouk was in Paris considering his next diplomatic moves. The source situates him in Paris at the time of the 11 March protests.

18. Meeting Kosygin in Moscow

    1970-03-18 · Moscow, Soviet Union

    On the day Cambodia's National Assembly deposed him, Sihanouk was in Moscow meeting Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin.

19. Visit to Romania

    1972-01-01 · Romania

    Sihanouk visited Romania and appeared with Romanian President Nicolae Ceaușescu during his exile diplomacy. The caption identifies Romania but not the city; coordinates represent the country.

20. Journey through Preah Vihear Province

    1973-01-01 · Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia

    During his Khmer Rouge-guided journey through Cambodia, Sihanouk travelled across Preah Vihear Province. The source does not date this provincial passage more narrowly than the 1973 journey; coordinates represent the province.

21. Visit to Angkor Wat

    1973-01-01 · Angkor Wat, Siem Reap, Cambodia

    At Siem Reap during his 1973 journey, Sihanouk visited Angkor Wat. The source dates the visit only within the 1973 journey.

22. Visit to Banteay Srei

    1973-01-01 · Banteay Srei, Siem Reap Province, Cambodia

    At Siem Reap during his 1973 journey, Sihanouk visited Banteay Srei. The source dates the visit only within the 1973 journey.

23. Visit to Bayon

    1973-01-01 · Bayon, Angkor Thom, Siem Reap, Cambodia

    At Siem Reap during his 1973 journey, Sihanouk visited the Bayon temple. The source dates the visit only within the 1973 journey.

24. Departure from Hanoi with Khmer Rouge leaders

    1973-02-01 · Hanoi, North Vietnam

    Sihanouk began a long overland journey from Hanoi with Khieu Samphan and other Khmer Rouge leaders toward Cambodia. Month-level date only.

25. Crossing into Stung Treng Province

    1973-03-01 · Stung Treng Province, Cambodia

    The convoy travelling from Hanoi along the Ho Chi Minh trail reached Cambodia at Stung Treng Province. The source supports March 1973 and provincial, rather than exact-site, precision.

26. Return to Cambodia under Democratic Kampuchea

    1975-09-01 · Cambodia

    Sihanouk briefly returned to Cambodia to inter the ashes of his mother after the Khmer Rouge victory. The source does not identify a locality; coordinates represent Cambodia.

27. Return for constitution meeting

    1975-12-31 · Cambodia

    Sihanouk returned to Cambodia and presided over a meeting endorsing Democratic Kampuchea's constitution. The meeting locality is not identified; coordinates represent Cambodia.

28. House arrest at the Royal Palace

    1976-01-01 · Royal Palace, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

    After resigning as head of state, Sihanouk was kept under house arrest at the royal palace by the Khmer Rouge regime. House arrest began after his April 1976 resignation; the source does not specify a start day.

29. House arrest in Phnom Penh suburbs

    1978-09-01 · Phnom Penh, Cambodia

    The Khmer Rouge moved Sihanouk from the Royal Palace to another apartment in Phnom Penh's suburbs. The apartment's exact location is not identified; city coordinates are representative.

30. Forced move to Sisophon

    1979-01-01 · Sisophon, Cambodia

    As Vietnamese forces advanced, Sihanouk was taken from Phnom Penh to Sisophon and stayed there for several days.

31. Flight to Beijing after Khmer Rouge collapse

    1979-01-06 · Beijing, China

    Sihanouk was allowed to fly from Phnom Penh to Beijing and was greeted by Deng Xiaoping.

32. UN Security Council appearance in New York

    1979-01-09 · United Nations Headquarters, New York City, New York, United States

    Sihanouk flew from Beijing to New York to address the UN Security Council on the Cambodian genocide and Vietnamese occupation.

33. Appearance in the Netherlands

    1983-01-01 · Netherlands

    

    Sihanouk was photographed in the Netherlands during the period when he headed the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea. Year-level date and country-level location are supplied by the image caption.

34. Signing the Paris Peace Accords

    1991-10-23 · Paris, France

    Sihanouk led Cambodia's four warring factions into signing the Paris Peace Accords, a key step toward the UN-supervised transition. Paris is established by the named accords; the source passage does not identify a particular signing venue.

35. Return to Phnom Penh

    1991-11-14 · Phnom Penh, Cambodia

    Sihanouk returned to Phnom Penh after the peace accords and travelled from Pochentong Airport to the Royal Palace with Hun Sen.

36. Residence in Siem Reap during UNTAC period

    1992-01-01 · Siem Reap, Cambodia

    During the UN Transitional Authority period, Sihanouk mostly resided in Siem Reap while supervising election preparations at resistance bases. The statement concerns the 1992 UNTAC period; no narrower residence dates are given.

37. Medical stay in Beijing

    1992-11-01 · Beijing, China

    Sihanouk left Cambodia for medical treatment in Beijing and remained there through the eve of the 1993 elections. The stay began in November 1992 and continued into May 1993.

38. Cancer treatment in Beijing after restoration

    1993-01-01 · Beijing, China

    Soon after his restoration as king under the new constitution, Sihanouk went to Beijing for several months of cancer treatment. The passage follows the 24 September 1993 restoration but does not supply a more exact departure date.

39. Meeting U.S. Ambassador Quinn at the Royal Palace

    1996-03-01 · Royal Palace, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

    

    King Sihanouk met U.S. Ambassador Kenneth M. Quinn at the Royal Palace in Phnom Penh. Month-level date derived from the image caption.

40. Political talks in Siem Reap

    1998-09-01 · Siem Reap, Cambodia

    Sihanouk mediated political talks in Siem Reap after opposition protests over the 1998 general election. The source uses the word "meditated," evidently meaning mediated.

41. Medical residence in Beijing

    2009-01-01 · Beijing, China

    Sihanouk spent most of the 2009–2011 period in Beijing for medical care. This is a multi-year residence interval; the card date marks its documented beginning.

42. Final public appearance in Phnom Penh

    2011-10-30 · Phnom Penh, Cambodia

    Sihanouk made his final public appearance in Phnom Penh, marking his 89th birthday and the twentieth anniversary of the Paris Peace Accords.

43. Return to Beijing for treatment

    2012-01-01 · Beijing, China

    Following his final period in Cambodia, Sihanouk returned to Beijing for further medical treatment on the advice of Chinese doctors. Month-level date only.

44. Death in Beijing

    2012-10-15 · Beijing, China

    Sihanouk died in Beijing after prolonged medical treatment, ending a life repeatedly divided between Cambodian leadership and exile or care in China.