32 moments

1. Birth at Yapeyú

   1778-02-25 · Yapeyú, Corrientes, Argentina

   San Martín was born at Yapeyú, then in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. The present-day settlement is used for the colonial-era birthplace.

2. Family move to Buenos Aires

   1781-01-01 · Buenos Aires, Argentina

   As a child, San Martín moved with his family from Yapeyú to Buenos Aires.

3. Family residence in Madrid

   1783-01-01 · Madrid, Spain

   The San Martín family departed the Americas for Spain and settled in Madrid.

4. Schooling in Málaga

   1785-01-01 · Málaga, Andalusia, Spain

   San Martín began formal studies after his family relocated to Málaga.

5. Campaign service at Melilla

   1791-01-01 · Melilla, Spain

   During his early Spanish military career, San Martín fought at Melilla in North Africa. The source provides the year but not a more precise date.

6. Campaign service at Oran

   1791-01-01 · Oran, Algeria

   San Martín also served in the Spanish campaign at Oran in North Africa. The source provides the year but not a more precise date.

7. War of the Oranges service in Portugal

   1801-01-01 · Portugal

   San Martín fought on Spain's side against Portugal during the War of the Oranges. The source identifies Portugal but not a particular battlefield or settlement; coordinates represent the country.

8. Battle of Bailén

   1808-07-19 · Bailén, Andalusia, Spain

   Serving in the Spanish Army during the Peninsular War, San Martín fought in the Spanish victory at Bailén.

9. Battle of Albuera

   1811-05-16 · Albuera, Extremadura, Spain

   San Martín fought under General William Carr Beresford at the Battle of Albuera.

10. Arrival in Buenos Aires

    1812-03-09 · Buenos Aires, Argentina

    San Martín arrived in Buenos Aires aboard the British ship George Canning to enter the service of the United Provinces.

11. Battle of San Lorenzo

    1813-02-03 · San Carlos Convent, San Lorenzo, Santa Fe, Argentina

    

    San Martín commanded the Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers in his first battle of the Spanish American wars of independence. Coordinates identify the documented battlefield and San Carlos Convent area.

12. National Anthem premiere

    1813-05-28 · Coliseo Theater, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    San Martín and his wife attended the first official performance of the Argentine National Anthem. Coordinates are an approximate representative point for the former theater site.

13. Army reorganization at Tucumán

    1814-01-01 · San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina

    After assuming command of the Army of the North, San Martín remained in Tucumán to reorganize it and study the terrain. The source does not provide a more precise date than the 1814 Army of the North command period.

14. Command handover at Yatasto

    1814-01-01 · Yatasto relay, Salta Province, Argentina

    San Martín took over the Army of the North from Manuel Belgrano during the documented Yatasto handover. The exact meeting site is disputed; coordinates represent the traditional Yatasto relay location.

15. Convalescence at Córdoba

    1814-04-01 · Córdoba, Córdoba Province, Argentina

    San Martín continued his recovery at Córdoba after traveling from Santiago del Estero. The sequence is documented, but the date of his arrival in Córdoba is not specified beyond April 1814.

16. Convalescence at Santiago del Estero

    1814-04-01 · Santiago del Estero, Argentina

    Ill health prompted San Martín to leave the Army of the North temporarily and travel to Santiago del Estero.

17. Crossing through Los Patos Pass

    1817-01-01 · Los Patos Pass, Andes Mountains, Argentina–Chile border

    San Martín led the Army of the Andes main division through Los Patos Pass during the trans-Andean campaign. Coordinates represent the mountain pass; the source dates the crossing from January 19 to February 13, 1817.

18. Departure from El Plumerillo

    1817-01-19 · El Plumerillo, Mendoza Province, Argentina

    San Martín began the Andes campaign from the Army of the Andes base camp at El Plumerillo.

19. Battle of Chacabuco

    1817-02-12 · Chacabuco battlefield, Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile

    

    San Martín led the Army of the Andes in the victory at Chacabuco that opened the way to Santiago.

20. Entry into Santiago

    1817-02-13 · Santiago, Chile

    After crossing the Andes, San Martín entered Santiago with O'Higgins and their army.

21. Battle of Cancha Rayada

    1818-03-19 · Cancha Rayada, near Talca, Chile

    

    San Martín commanded the patriot side at the Second Battle of Cancha Rayada near Talca. Coordinates are a representative point for the battlefield area near Talca.

22. Battle of Maipú

    1818-04-05 · Maipú plains, Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile

    

    San Martín led the patriot army at Maipú, a battle that secured independence in Chile's central region.

23. Independence declaration in Lima

    1821-07-28 · Lima, Peru

    After gaining authority in Lima and maintaining the siege of El Callao, San Martín declared Peru's independence.

24. Arrival at Guayaquil

    1822-07-25 · Guayaquil, Ecuador

    San Martín arrived in Guayaquil for his consequential meeting with Simón Bolívar over the future of Peru and South America.

25. Guayaquil Conference

    1822-07-26 · Guayaquil, Ecuador

    

    San Martín met Bolívar at the Guayaquil Conference to discuss Peru and the wider South American independence settlement. The conference continued on July 27, 1822.

26. Return to Buenos Aires after bereavement

    1823-01-01 · Buenos Aires, Argentina

    

    Following the death of his wife, San Martín returned to Buenos Aires and took his daughter before departing for Europe.

27. Arrival at Montevideo during attempted return

    1828-01-01 · Montevideo, Uruguay

    San Martín reached Montevideo during the failed attempt to return to Argentina and learned there of Dorrego's execution. The source situates this voyage after the 1828 Treaty of Montevideo; no more precise date is given.

28. Ship arrival at Buenos Aires

    1828-01-01 · Buenos Aires, Argentina

    San Martín's ship reached Buenos Aires, but he remained aboard and returned to Montevideo rather than enter the city amid political violence. The source situates the voyage after the 1828 Treaty of Montevideo; physical presence is aboard ship at Buenos Aires harbor.

29. Transit through Rio de Janeiro

    1828-01-01 · Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    During his attempted return to the Río de la Plata, San Martín's ship docked in Rio de Janeiro, where he learned of the overthrow of Manuel Dorrego. The source situates the journey after the 1828 Treaty of Montevideo but does not provide a more precise docking date.

30. Move from Brussels to Paris

    1830-01-01 · Paris, France

    San Martín left Belgium during the Belgian Revolution and relocated to Paris. The source gives the move in the context of the Belgian Revolution beginning in 1830, without a more precise relocation date.

31. Move to Boulogne-sur-Mer

    1848-01-01 · Boulogne-sur-Mer, Hauts-de-France, France

    San Martín left Paris during the French Revolution of 1848 and settled at Boulogne-sur-Mer despite severe declining health.

32. Death at Boulogne-sur-Mer

    1850-08-17 · Boulogne-sur-Mer, Hauts-de-France, France

    San Martín died at Boulogne-sur-Mer after spending his final years in France.